Los usos educativos de las narrativas transmedia

Las narrativas transmedia permiten generar entornos de aprendizaje cercanos a la vida diaria de los alumnos, utilizando una gran diversidad de medios y provocando la interacción de múltiples usuarios. La industria del entretenimiento apuesta cada vez más por este tipo de difusión. El siguiente informe describe y analiza algunas de las principales experiencias que siguen la estrategia transmedia

Feminist discourses of Spanish digital influencers: An analysis of their activity on social media

With the rise of digital feminism, this article explores the role of Spanish digital influencers considered feminist referents and the topics addressed by them on their social networks from a gender perspective. An online survey was used to create a ranking of the 12 most popular influencers by social media users. First, an analysis of their professional and sociodemographic profiles was made. Second, a cross-platform content analysis of the posts published by these influencers on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram was undertaken. The results show the homogenous profile of most popular feminist influencers. The main topics addressed in their social networks are linked to gender violence, specially on Twitter, being the social network where they publish the largest number of posts with a gender perspective despite the fact that they have more followers on Instagram. Finally, the study concludes that online feminist discourses replicate the issues on the traditional media agenda and leave out other topics on the feminist agenda that involve women belonging to minorities and related to the private sphere

Uso de redes sociales por los parlamentos como medio de participación política. Estudio de caso latinoamericano y europeo

Las redes sociales son consideradas uno de los medios de interacción más importantes de internet, al tiempo que son vistas como espacios de movilización ciudadana, constituyendo canales de información, discusión y participación. Se analiza el uso de las redes sociales por los parlamentos nacionales de diez países como medios para incentivar la participación ciudadana. Atendiendo a los ejes de acción política (Vedel, 2007), el artículo realiza un análisis de contenido longitudinal -con dos años de referencia (2010-2015)- en el que se explora el tipo de redes sociales utilizadas, la evolución de su uso y el alcance que tienen para generar procesos de información, de deliberación y participación. Los resultados muestran que los parlamentos de los países analizados utilizan las redes sociales para comunicar sus actividades y noticias, pero no como espacio deliberativo y participativo incorporado al proceso de toma de decisiones públicasSocial networks are considered one of the most important developments of the Internet. They are also seen as spaces for social movements in which the channels of information, debate, and participation merge. Using content analysis this article explores social media as an instrument to motivate political participation by citizens from ten countries. Based on the political action axes (Vedel, 2007), a content analysis is conducted to compare the following factors between two years (2010 and 2015): the type of open social networks used, the evolution of their use and potential to generate information, and deliberative and participative processes. The outcomes show that parliaments of the analyzed countries use social media tools to communicate their activities and news. However, they don't use them as a deliberative and participative scenario integrated into the political decision proces

Use of the websites of parliaments to promote citizen deliberation in the process of public decision-making. Comparative study of ten countries (America and Europe)

This study develops a longitudinal research (2010-2015) on 10 countries - 5 European countries (France, United Kingdom, Sweden, Italy and Spain) and 5 American countries (Argentina, Ecuador, Chile, Colombia and the USA). The aim is to compare how the parliaments use its official websites in order to promote the political participation process in the citizenship. The study focuses on the deliberation axe (Macintosh, 2004, Hagen, 2000, Vedel, 2003, 2007) and in the way that representative institutions define a digital strategy to create an online public sphere. Starting with the recognition of Web 2.0 as a debate sphere and as a place of reconfiguration of the traditional -and utopian- Greek Agora, the study adopts the 'deliberate' political action axe to evaluate, qualitatively and quantitatively -using a content analysis methodology- the use of the Web 2.0 tools made by the legislative bodies of the analysed countries. The article shows how, which and what parliaments use Web 2.0 tools - integrated in their web page - as a scenario that allows deliberation at the different legislative processes that integrate the examined political systems. Finally, the comparative results show the main differences and similarities between the countries, as well as a tendency to reduce deliberation tools offering by representative institutions in the countries sample

Comparative study of feminist positioning on Twitter by Spanish politicians

This research analyses feminism-related tweets produced over a period of two months by both a male representative and a female representative of each of the four principal political parties in Spain (PP, PSOE, Ciudadanos and Podemos). Although their behaviour on Twitter is similar, the differences found are more marked by ideology than by gender. A content analysis shows that the parties tend to reinforce their ideological programme on Twitter, which is corroborated as a space for disseminating topics related to feminism, but not as a space for debate. Men tend to publish more than women and on less controversial topics, which allows us to observe the reproduction of patriarchal roles in the net.La recerca analitza els tuits produïts durant dos mesos per un representant masculí i una representant femenina dels quatre partits amb més representació política d'Espanya relacionats amb el feminisme. Malgrat que el comportament a Twitter és similar, les diferències que s'hi aprecien estan més marcades per la ideologia que no pas pel gènere. L'anàlisi de contingut permet veure que els partits tendeixen a reforçar el seu programa ideològic a Twitter, que es corrobora com un espai de difusió de temes relacionats amb el feminisme, però no com un espai de debat. Els homes tendeixen a publicar més que les dones i sobre temes menys controvertits, la qual cosa permet observar la reproducció de rols patriarcals a la xarxa.La investigación analiza los tuits producidos durante dos meses por un representante masculino y una representante femenina de los cuatro partidos con más representación política de España relacionados con el feminismo. Pese a que el comportamiento en Twitter es similar, las diferencias que se aprecian están más marcadas por la ideología que por el género. El análisis de contenido permite ver que los partidos tienden a reforzar su programa ideológico en Twitter, que se corrobora como un espacio de difusión de temas relacionados con el feminismo, pero no como un espacio de debate. Los hombres tienden a publicar más que las mujeres y sobre temas menos controvertidos, lo que permite observar la reproducción de roles patriarcales en la red

Correlational network visual analysis of adolescents' film entertainment responses

This study aims to shed light on adolescents' characterizations of their preferred film entertainment. It seeks to describe the psychological responses of youngsters from two European countries (Italy and Spain) to dramas from the European region about current social/human issues. The study also seeks to determine if the adolescents' responses differ according to the film and the cultural context (country) to which they belong. For doing so, the research applies an innovative visual research technique in Media Communication: a correlational network analysis. A total of 234 Italian and Spanish adolescents watched three European dramas. Later, they completed four questionnaires measuring hedonic (enjoyment), eudaimonic (appreciation) responses and predictors of them (narrative engagement and perceived realism). The results present the visual intercorrelations of the studied variables, which give deeper insights into youngsters' gratifications in film consumption. These results suggest that films appear to be more influential than country in adolescents' responses. They also show there are specific models of responses for each film in each situation. The application of the visual quantitative tool broadens our knowledge on adolescents' entertainment through dramatic film and on the role of the cultural context and the audiovisual stimulus in the entertainment responses. It also challenges empirical studies using a single stimulus

Understanding the lack of science on Tv : network decision-makers' opinions towards televisual science

The lack of science on the Spanish TV is explained through the people responsible for content production, scheduling and offer. Two focus groups made up of five decision-makers identified the professionals' opinions: science on TV is needed, the function of televisual science is educating audiences, public channels are responsible for showing such contents, government should urge scientific programming, science on TV contributes in increasing the cultural level of audiences, and people holding power positions are not interested in improving society's level of literacy. Later, the generality of those opinions was measured through a questionnaire applied to 450 TV managers. A latent profile statistical analysis showed that individual characteristics of professionals (i.e., gender, age, educational level) do not play a role in shaping their opinions but work related (i.e., area of coverage, TV ownership) do.La falta de ciencia en la televisión española puede ser explicada mediante las personas responsables de la producción, programación y oferta de contenidos televisivos. Dos grupos focales formados cada uno por cinco personas responsables de tomar decisiones sobre dichos aspectos en cadenas televisivas permitieron identificar sus opiniones: la ciencia en la televisión es necesaria, la función de la ciencia televisiva es educar a la audiencia, las cadenas públicas son las responsables de mostrar contenidos científicos, el gobierno debería obligar a programar contenidos científicos, la ciencia en la televisión contribuye a aumentar el nivel cultural de la audiencia, y las personas que ocupan puestos de poder no están interesadas en mejorar el nivel de alfabetización de la sociedad. Posteriormente, la generalidad de esas opiniones se observó mediante un cuestionario aplicado a 450 personas con cargos directivos de televisión. Un análisis estadístico de perfil latente mostró que las características individuales de los profesionales (i.e., el género, la edad, el nivel educativo) no influyen en la formación de esas opiniones, pero sí influyen los aspectos relacionados con el desempeño profesional (i.e., el área de cobertura, la titularidad de la televisión)

Opinion of television managers about their viewers and their interest in science : audience images and lack of scientific content on television

Science does not occupy a prominent place on Spanish television, possibly due to those in charge of the creation, production, organization, and programming of content. Previous research has shown that television executives have mental images of their audiences that they actively use in their professional practice. This study adopts a mixed, qualitative-quantitative method to determine the beliefs of Spanish television executives regarding the attitudes of their audiences toward scientific programs and content. The study began with two focus groups, each made up of five professionals, to identify a wide range of attitudes. A Likert-scale questionnaire was then applied to examine the level of agreement with those attitudes among 450 employees of different types of private and public networks from six different regions of Spain. The main findings are that Spanish television managers do not believe that their viewers enjoy scientific topics or have any interest in them. However, professionals with previous experience of the production of scientific content tend to have a slightly more positive attitude about the opinion of general audiences regarding televised science. Hence, familiarity with televised science positively impacts the appreciation of such content on television. This research highlights the fundamental role of network managers in explaining the lack of science on Spanish media. Its results are coherent with previous studies confirming that TV professionals have preconceived images about their audiences that are derived from their own preferences and that guide their decisions

MIL competences : from theory to practice. Measuring citizens' competences on media and information literacy

This article presents the analysis and classification of different studies carried out to measure the media literacy skills of citizens. The text is presented in three parts. The first part presents the main theoretical categories of the analysis that define the concept of media literacy and the major frameworks designed for the study of media competences. In the second part, the article examines a group of studies that propose different frameworks that assess media literacy competences. The analyzed studies are classified according to their assessment trends and methodology. Finally, the text identifies media competences that receive higher attention in the studies and the main gaps according to the perspectives pointed out in the explored frameworks. This article concludes that there are aspects lacking in the studied frameworks concerning specific media competences proposed by international institutions (such as UNESCO or the European Commission) and experts. There is also an absence of specific and practical criteria that measure different citizens' skills. The studies analyzed principally focus on the personal skills of individuals (especially their ability to use ICT), from which broad reviews of the social competences of individual and environmental factors that determine the promotion and development of media literacy has been carried ou

¿Cómo usan los parlamentos las redes sociales? Un estudio comparado y longitudinal aplicado a países de América y Europa (2010, 2015 y 2017)

Introducción: El artículo analiza el uso que los parlamentos hacen de las redes sociales a partir del estudio de las cámaras representativas de Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Estados Unidos, España, Francia, Italia, Reino Unido y Suecia. Metodología: A través de un análisis de contenido efectuado en 2010, 2015 y 2017, el texto presenta la evolución y la trayectoria del uso de las redes sociales en cada uno de los años y países de estudio. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados indican un aumento del uso informativo y divulgativo de las redes sociales en los parlamentos, pero demuestra pocos avances en la creación de espacios deliberativos o participativos en las plataformas. El artículo identifica acciones parlamentarias orientadas a integrar el ecosistema mediático cambiante, ligado a las redes sociales, aunque la intención se limita a la figuración y al impacto dentro del marco mediático, más que en la promoción de la participación mediada por las redes sociales.Introduction: The article analyses how parliaments use social media through the study of the representative chambers of Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, United States, Spain, France, Italy, United Kingdom and Sweden. Methodology: Using a content analysis method developed in 2010, 2015 and 2017, the text presents the evolution and the paths of the social media use of the selected parliaments. Results and conclusions: Results show a progression in the informative parliamentary use of social media, but they highlight few advances in the creation of deliberative or participative arenas in social platforms. The paper identifies parliamentary actions oriented to integrate the changing media ecosystem, linked to social media, but the institutional intention is limited to the presence and the impact inside the media framework, more than in the promotion of the social media mediated participation